The Diamond

Diamond is one of the most valuable and coveted gemstones in the world. It is the hardest mineral known, reaching a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale.

Diamonds are composed primarily of pure carbon, and their formation occurs under extreme pressure and temperature, typically at depths of 150 to 200 kilometers in the Earth’s mantle. The most famous deposits are found in South Africa, Russia, Botswana, Australia, and Canada.

In their natural state, diamonds can contain inclusions, which are inclusions such as air bubbles or other minerals. These inclusions can influence the value of a diamond, but some diamonds with inclusions can be particularly sought after for their uniqueness. Diamonds can also come in a variety of colors, from transparent to blue, pink, yellow, and even black, depending on the inclusions and the conditions of formation.

Diamond prices vary widely, depending on their carat weight, color, clarity, and cut—the four criteria known as the “4Cs.” High-quality, near-colorless diamonds can command very high prices, sometimes exceeding $20,000 per carat.

In jewelry, diamonds are often cut to enhance their brilliance and sparkle. Popular cuts include the round brilliant and the emerald cut. Each of these cuts was developed to maximize light reflection and create dramatic effects.

Lab-grown diamonds, which are synthetic, have gained popularity in recent years. They have the same physical and optical characteristics as natural diamonds, but are often sold at a lower price. To differentiate a natural diamond from a lab-grown diamond, it is recommended to consult a qualified gemologist.